General Information

  • ID:  hor006383
  • Uniprot ID:  P05110
  • Protein name:  Glicentin
  • Gene name:  GCG
  • Organism:  Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig)
  • Family:  Glucagon family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  Glucagon release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion (By similarity).
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Cavia (genus), Caviidae (family), Hystricomorpha (suborder), Rodentia (order), Glires, Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0042802 identical protein binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0006094 gluconeogenesis; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling; GO:0010800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; GO:0014823 response to activity; GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; GO:0035774 positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; GO:0042593 glucose homeostasis; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0045722 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; GO:0050796 regulation of insulin secretion; GO:0050896 response to stimulus; GO:0051571 obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; GO:0071377 cellular response to glucagon stimulus; GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import; GO:1900118 negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005737 cytoplasm; GO:0005886 plasma membrane

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  RSLQDTEEKPRSVSASQTDMLDDPDQMNEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQQFLKWLLNVKRNRNNIA
  • Length:  69
  • Propeptide:  MKSVYFVAGLFIMLAQGSWQRSLQDTEEKPRSVSASQTDMLDDPDQMNEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQQFLKWLLNVKRNRNNIAKRHDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRGRRDFPEEVAIVEELGRRHADGSFSDEMNTILDNLATRDFINWLIQTKITDRK
  • Signal peptide:  MKSVYFVAGLFIMLAQGSWQ
  • Modification:  T34 Phosphoserine
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  [Glucagon]: Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  GCGR, GLP1R
  • Target Unid:  H0VZQ6, H0VTD3
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: NA

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P05110-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor006383_AF2.pdbhor006383_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 937502 Formula: C345H551N109O117S2
Absent amino acids: C Common amino acids: DSR
pI: 9.06 Basic residues: 13
Polar residues: 20 Hydrophobic residues: 15
Hydrophobicity: -140.58 Boman Index: -26936
Half-Life: 1 hour Half-Life Yeast: 2 min
Half-Life E.Coli: 2 min Aliphatic Index 52.32
Instability Index: 7777.68 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 8480
Absorbance 280nm: 124.71

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  3755107
  • Title:  Mutations in the guinea pig preproglucagon gene are restricted to a specific portion of the prohormone sequence.
  • PubMed ID:  3956884
  • Title:  Guinea pig glucagon differs from other mammalian glucagons.
  • PubMed ID:  4048553
  • Title:  Primary structure of glucagon and a partial sequence of oxyntomodulin (glucagon-37) from the guinea pig.
  • PubMed ID:  12554744
  • Title:  Glucagon-like peptides: regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
  • PubMed ID:  12626323
  • Title:  Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism.
  • PubMed ID:  10322410
  • Title:  Glucagon-like Peptide 2.
  • PubMed ID:  10605628
  • Title:  The glucagon-like peptides.